In the fields of physical security access control is the selective restriction of access to a place .Electronic access control uses computers to solve the limitations of mechanical locks and keys. A wide range of credentials can be used to replace mechanical keys. The electronic access control system grants access based on the credential presented. When access is granted, the door is unlocked for a predetermined time and the transaction is recorded. When access is refused, the door remains locked and the attempted access is recorded. The system will also monitor the door and alarm if the door is forced open or held open too long after being unlocked.
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Access control systems vary widely in type and complexity. However, most card access control systems consist of at least the following basic components.
• Access Cards: The access card may be thought of as an electronic "key". The access card is used by persons to gain access through the doors secured by the access control system.
• Card Readers: Card readers are the devices used to electronically "read" the access card.
• Access Control Keypads:Access control keypads are devices which may be used in addition to or in place of card readers.
• Electric Lock Hardware: Electric lock hardware is the equipment that is used to electrically lock and unlock each door that is controlled by the access control system.
• Access Control Server Computer: The access control server computer is the "brain" of the access control system. The access control server computer serves as the central database and file manager for the access control system; and is responsible for recording system activity, and distributing information to and from the access control field panels.
